In 2024, the platform grew significantly in popularity, partly because of its strategic acquisition of users from a number of recently shut-down marketplaces, such as AlphaBay and Incognito Market, which had recently closed their doors. Apart from the dark web markets that are operating online today, some raided platforms influenced many markets. Active for a decade since 2014, it is a widely used credit card shop used to source stolen credit card information such as dumps, CVVs, Wholesale Accounts. Security researchers have been monitoring forums within the cybercriminal underworld to investigate the leading markets operating in 2024.
State, local, and other federal agencies also contributed to Operation RapTor investigations through task force participation and regional partnerships, as well as the multi-agency Special Operations Division. There is violence and corruption at every point in the supply chain as drugs move from producers to users. It might shorten the length of the chain, but as demand goes up, supply usually follows. They sit on an encrypted part of internet called “Tor Hidden Services” where URLs are a string of meaningless numbers and letters that end in .onion, and are accessed using a special browser called “Tor”.
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Darknet vendors are also becoming more sophisticated, with large sellers offering a wider range of products and focusing on high value transactions. Data from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime shows that while the number of marketplaces is decreasing, the average transaction size is rising, indicating growing wholesale activity. According to the study, most darknet sales in 2023 fell into the ‘large retail’ category (US$100–US$499), at 37.8%, followed by ‘potential wholesale’ purchases (over US$1 000) at 31.9%.
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When the buyer wants to check out and make a purchase using cryptocurrency (eg, Bitcoin), if the trader accepts payment through an anonymous online marketplace as an escrow, the buyer will place the listed amount of cryptocurrency in escrow (step 7). Otherwise, the buyer will pay the trader directly using cryptocurrency or any other payment method accepted by the trader (step 9) 7. Note that the escrow mechanism is widely deployed in the anonymous online market because it helps to build trust and resolve disputes between sellers and buyers. When the purchase is made, the opioid trader ships the purchased item to the buyer (step 10). Once the item is received, the buyer finalizes the purchase by notifying the anonymous online marketplace to release the funds held in escrow (step 11) 8,9.
- Unlike the deep web, the dark web functions not only for security but also for anonymity.
- McDonald purchased bulk quantities of fentanyl and cocaine and then directed others to complete hundreds of drug sales involving large quantities of both fentanyl and cocaine.
- For domestic mail, however, police must obtain a search warrant or have reasonable grounds to open packages.
- Still, the EU has funded a three-year, €5 million (£4.5 million) project, project, TITANIUM, with the aim of de-anonymising criminal bitcoin users and providing “court-proof” evidence of underground market activity.
- The first thing that strikes you on signing up to Silk Road 2.0 is the choice.
What People Are Saying
“Given that the dark web is anonymous, it allows for a very easy vehicle in order for people to buy drugs,” Lalande says. Dream Market and other sites like it are likely helping fuel the deadly fentanyl crisis that has rippled across the country, says Sgt. Mike Lalande of the Calgary Police Service, who investigates cybercrime. In a recent scan of the site, Dream featured roughly 1,000 listings for drugs that ship within Canada, ranging from opium, morphine and fentanyl to ecstasy, ketamine and date-rape drugs. A screenshot of Dream Market, below, shows drugs on offer, including crystal meth, cocaine, hash and MDMA.
For example, in November 2023, while operating in an undercover capacity on Incognito Market, a law enforcement agent purchased and received several tablets purported to be oxycodone. Testing revealed that these tablets were not oxycodone and were, in fact, fentanyl pills. Technically speaking, Silk Road 2.0 is an anonymous market for anything (with some exceptions, such as child pornography), which means there are also sections for alcohol, art, counterfeit, even books. Listings included a complete boxset of The Sopranos; a hundred-dollar Marine Depot Aquarium Supplies voucher, and fake UK birth certificates. For those who are averse to confrontation, and who are sufficiently tech-savvy, the dark web offers an alternative to the risk and violence of dealing drugs offline. I try to provide the best products and service I can, when someone has a problem or claims their order was short on pills (as long as they have ordered from me before) I usually take them at their word.
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Incognito Market was available globally to anyone with internet access and could be accessed using the Tor web browser on the dark web. As Pharoah — the leader of Incognito market — Lin supervised all of its operations, including its employees, vendors and customers, and had ultimate decision-making authority over every aspect of the multimillion-dollar operation. Archetyp Market facilitated a reported minimum of 250 million euros (about $290 million) in drug transactions over five years, with over 600,000 users, 3,200 vendors, and 17,000 listings. Authorities seized assets valued at 7.8 million euros, including cryptocurrency and luxury goods, and deployed around 300 officers across multiple countries during the operation.
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Before these dark web marketplaces were shutdown, they sold a range of illegal products, from drugs to firearms. According to the investigation, Incognito Market was an online narcotics bazaar that existed on the dark web. Since that time, and through its closing in March 2024, Incognito Market sold more than $100 million in narcotics — including hundreds of kilograms of cocaine and methamphetamines.
Combating Transnational Crime
Established in 2022, Torzon market is one of the biggest and most diverse marketplaces on the dark web. It is considered very secure thanks to strict user validations and transparent payment and vendor review procedures. Valued at approximately $15 million, Abacus Market is one of the most lucrative platforms in the dark web ecosystem.
The same can be said of the Netherlands, with its almost non-existent sedative market. Denmark and Austria both demonstrate high and consistent levels of sales for these products, and Sweden increased from a high base (over 20% of all sales) by close to 10 percentage points per year. Although Novak et al. reported high sedative usage in Sweden, for these three countries to have such exceptionally high levels is unusual and it is likely there is some cross-border/within-Schengen trade occurring. Federal prosecutors have accused the men of operating 10 virtual storefronts on 17 different dark web marketplaces from September 2018 through February, the department said in a statement.
Once on a dark web marketplace, users often maintain their anonymity by communicating through encrypted messages, making it difficult for anyone to intercept and read. Furthermore, all marketplaces accept forms of cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin. This digital currency allows buyers to pay while maintaining a degree of privacy protection.
Overall though, it does appear that utilising cryptomarket data such as that used here can shine a light on market activity that would otherwise be hard to pin down empirically. Cryptomarkets and cryptomarket research have come a long way in a short period time, aided by large scale analysable datasets, but these come with a risk. There is very much a need for triangulation of different approaches to fully understand the function of these markets and to be able to delineate the implications that arise from the impressive data they generate. Despite their ubiquity, online drug markets have distinct geographical hubs, shaped by regional roles in the global trade. Most dark web drug shipments originate from the US and Northern and Western Europe, as well as Russia. According to a recent report by the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime, a pioneering drug trade model has emerged in Russia, replacing traditional face-to-face exchanges with anonymous transactions on darknet markets using cryptocurrency and physical ‘dead drops’.
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Considering social media data (eg, Twitter and Instagram), Nasralah et al 14 proposed a text mining framework to collect opioid data from social media and analyzed the most discussed topics to profile the opioid epidemic and crisis. Mackey et al 13 collected tweets related to the opioid topic to identify illicit online pharmacies and study the illegal sale of opioids in online marketing. Cherian et al 12 gathered codeine misuse data from Instagram posts to understand how misuse is happening and its misused form.
